![]() Some examples are:Ĭommon names such as these often have their origin in the history of the science and the natural sources of specific compounds. The relationship of these names to each other is usually arbitrary, and no rational or systematic principles underly their assignments. These names have remained in common use, and are widely recognized. Just as each distinct compound has a unique molecular structure which can be designated by a structural formula, each compound must be given a characteristic and unique name.Īs organic chemistry grew and developed from its early beginnings, many compounds were given trivial names at the time of their discovery. ![]() The increasingly large number of organic compounds identified with each passing day, together with the fact that many of these compounds are isomers of other compounds, requires that a systematic nomenclature system be developed. ![]() Simply put, aliphatic compounds are compounds that do not incorporate any unsaturated aromatic rings in their molecular structure. They are also members of a larger class of compounds referred to as aliphatic. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are termed saturated, because they incorporate the maximum number of hydrogens possible without breaking any carbon-carbon bonds. Although these hydrocarbons have no functional groups, they constitute the framework on which functional groups are located in other classes of compounds, and provide an ideal starting point for studying and naming organic compounds. Hydrocarbons of this kind are classified as alkanes or cycloalkanes, depending on whether the carbon atoms of the molecule are arranged only in chains or also in rings. From the previous discussion of formula analysis, the formulas for such hydrocarbons will be C nH (2n+2–2r), where n is the number of carbon atoms and r is the number of rings. Such compounds are necessarily hydrocarbons, made up of chains and rings of carbon atoms bonded to a full complement of hydrogen atoms (all carbons are sp 3 hybridized). ![]() In order to establish a baseline of behavior against which these reactions may be ranked, we need to investigate the reactivity of compounds lacking any functional groups. Most reactions of organic compounds take place at or adjacent to a functional group. ![]() Alkanes & Cycloalkanes Saturated Hydrocarbons Alkanes and Cycloalkanes ![]()
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